Heemskerk, Beverwijk, Zaandijk

Between 1880 and 1920, the Defence Line of Amsterdam was constructed – a 135-kilometre defensive line with 45 forts. If enemies threatened to attack, the area around the capital – which would serve as the last stronghold of the Netherlands – could be flooded to keep invading armies at a distance. The field army could retreat here and, together with civilians, hold out until help arrived from abroad. Supplies were stocked to survive for six months, and two gunpowder factories were located within the area. The forts were placed where the waterline was crossed by railways, dikes or roads.

During this cycle route, you’ll pass by several of these beautiful and impressive forts. Hop off your bike to take a closer look at the buildings and learn more about the history. Enjoy cycling past countless polder meadows with ditches and canals, and listen to the chirping of meadow and water birds. Get a breath of fresh air in the dunes on one side, and on the other side, experience the bustling Dutch life of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries at the Zaanse Schans. Cycling along the Defence Line of Amsterdam really is a day out. Will you hop on your bike?

Note: to cycle through the North Holland Dune Reserve you’ll need a dune pass (entry ticket). You can buy one through the managing water company PWN: www.pwn.nl/duinkaartkopen. Also check out the other access rules for this dune reserve and plan your visit accordingly.